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Romania

Destination country · migration, permits and visas

First residence permits, 2025 (Eurostat)
74,351
Schengen visa refusal rate, 2024
9.3%
DestinationRO2023–2025
Data as at 2025
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International migrants

People living in Romania who were born in another country, or who hold foreign citizenship where country of birth is not recorded: mid-year estimates (UN DESA).

Largest countries of birth, 2024
  1. Ukraine182,364
  2. Italy87,680
  3. Spain85,101
  4. Moldova80,610
  5. United Kingdom48,738
  6. Germany18,432
  7. France11,775
  8. Hungary9,504
  9. United States9,431
  10. Greece7,786
  11. Belgium5,923
  12. Türkiye5,484

International migrants by year

328k656k19901995200020052010201520202024
328k656k19902000201020202024
Data table
1990135,745
1995134,970
2000134,204
2005139,430
2010148,107
2015212,560
2020338,734
2024655,579
International migrants, 2024
655,579
Share of the population, 2024
3.4%
Counted by
country of birth, refugees added
Source: United Nations, DESA Population Division, International Migrant Stock 2024 (CC BY 3.0 IGO)Data as at 2024

Migrants in the labour market

Labour force survey results for Romania: residents aged 15 and over who were born abroad, compared with those born in the country (ILOSTAT).

IndicatorBorn in the countryBorn abroad
Employment-to-population ratio, 202548.3%50.0%
Born abroad: share of all workers, 2025
0.3%
Source: International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT (CC BY 4.0)Data as at 2025

Earnings by occupation

Mean gross annual earnings of employees in Romania by major occupation group, in enterprises with 10 or more employees (Eurostat, Structure of Earnings Survey 2022).

Occupation groupMean annual earnings, RONIndex, all occupations = 100
All occupations81,821100
Managers150,398184
Professionals126,340154
Technicians and associate professionals84,659103
Clerical support workers64,17378
Service and sales workers49,96861
Skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers47,81258
Craft and related trades workers62,43476
Plant and machine operators and assemblers59,96273
Elementary occupations46,42557
Mean gross annual earnings, all employees, 2022
81,821 RON
Women's mean earnings as a share of men's, 2022
97.1%
Source: Eurostat, Structure of Earnings Survey 2022 (CC BY 4.0)Data as at 2022

Residence permits

First residence permits issued by Romania to non-EU citizens (Eurostat).

First permits by year

37k74k2008201020122014201620182020202220242025
37k74k2008201120142017202020232025
Data table
200819,320
200915,347
201010,207
20119,722
201210,106
201311,118
201410,257
201511,227
201611,797
201713,152
201816,322
201926,902
202017,673
202127,881
202241,871
202356,897
202456,819
202574,351
By reason, 2025
  1. Work60,622
  2. Family6,498
  3. Education5,468
  4. Other reasons1,763
By citizenship, 2025
  1. Nepal24,536
  2. Sri Lanka9,138
  3. Türkiye5,368
  4. India4,659
  5. Moldova3,487
  6. Egypt3,348
  7. Bangladesh2,008
  8. Pakistan1,792
  9. Philippines1,683
  10. Turkmenistan1,660
  11. Morocco1,407
  12. Ukraine1,268
  13. China1,248
  14. Vietnam1,172
  15. Ethiopia1,124
EU Blue Cards granted by citizenship, 2024
  1. China113
  2. India32
  3. Türkiye31
  4. Russia29
  5. United Kingdom25
  6. Ukraine15
  7. United States14
  8. Kazakhstan13
  9. Egypt10
  10. Malaysia8
  11. Canada7
  12. Brazil4
Work permits by type, 2025
  1. Other paid activities60,332
  2. EU Blue Card242
  3. Researchers48
Valid residence permits, 31 Dec 2025
222,139
Long-term residence permits issued, 2025
2,935
Changed status into work, 2025
379
Intra-corporate transferee permits, 2025
76
Seasonal work authorisations, 2024
19
Source: Eurostat (migr_resfirst, migr_resbc11, migr_acq, educ_uoe_mobs02, migr_eirfs, migr_pop1ctz), CC BY 4.0Data as at 2025

Schengen visas issued by Romania

Short-stay visa applications at Romania's consulates worldwide.

Applications by year

87k173k20092024
87k173k20092024
Data table
2009173,496
202435,359
Country of the consulateApplications 2024Refusal rate
Türkiye15,4583.9%
China1,64312.0%
India1,56325.7%
United Kingdom1,2962.5%
Iraq95927.8%
Egypt93912.4%
Turkmenistan75212.5%
Azerbaijan6971.9%
Thailand6703.9%
United Arab Emirates61415.5%
Ukraine6072.5%
Iran5692.6%
Kenya55918.4%
Kazakhstan5560.0%
South Africa5483.8%
Source: European Commission, DG Migration and Home Affairs, visa statistics for consulates (CC BY 4.0)Data as at 2024

Romania's embassies and consulates abroad

Countries in which Romania has an embassy or consulate, as recorded in Wikidata.

CountryEmbassiesConsulates-generalConsulates
Albania1——
Algeria1——
Angola1——
Argentina1——
Armenia1——
Australia1——
Austria1——
Azerbaijan1——
Belarus1——
Belgium1——
Bosnia and Herzegovina1——
Brazil1——
Bulgaria1——
Canada11—
Chile1——
China1——
Colombia1——
Croatia1——
Cuba1——
Cyprus1——
Czechia1——
Egypt1——
Estonia1——
Ethiopia1——
Finland1——
France13—
Georgia1——
Germany1——
Greece1——
Hungary11—
India1——
Indonesia1——
Iran1——
Iraq1——
Ireland1——
Israel1——
Italy21—
Japan1——
Jordan1——
Kazakhstan1——
Kenya1——
Kuwait1——
Lebanon1——
Libya1——
Lithuania1——
Luxembourg1——
Malaysia1——
Mexico1——
Moldova1——
Montenegro1——
Morocco1——
Nigeria1——
North Korea1——
North Macedonia1——
Norway1——
Oman1——
Pakistan1——
Peru1——
Philippines1——
Poland1——
Portugal1——
Qatar1——
Russia1——
Saudi Arabia1——
Senegal1——
Serbia11—
Singapore1——
Slovakia1——
Slovenia1——
South Africa1——
South Korea1——
Spain11—
Sri Lanka1——
Sudan1——
Sweden1——
Switzerland1——
Syria1——
Thailand1——
Tunisia1——
Turkmenistan1——
Türkiye11—
Ukraine1——
United Arab Emirates1——
United Kingdom1——
United States1——
Uruguay1——
Uzbekistan1——
Venezuela1——
Vietnam1——
Yemen1——
Zimbabwe1——
Countries
91
Missions
101
Source: Wikidata (CC0)Data as at Oct 2026

Remittances sent abroad

Personal remittances paid from Romania to other countries, in current US dollars (World Bank).

Remittances paid by year, US$ million

1,3262,6522000200320062009201220152018202120242025
1,3262,652200020052010201520202025
Data table
20006
20015
20026
20038
20046
200522
200641
200755
2008168
200964
201088
2011128
2012116
2013485
2014593
2015514
2016303
2017389
2018435
2019486
2020537
2021642
2022967
20231,408
20242,109
20252,652
Remittances paid, 2025
US$2,652 million
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)Data as at 2025

Corridors into Romania

Nationalities with a dedicated corridor page.

  • Nepal → Romania
  • Sri Lanka → Romania
  • Türkiye → Romania
  • India → Romania
  • Moldova → Romania
  • Egypt → Romania
  • Bangladesh → Romania
  • Pakistan → Romania
  • Philippines → Romania
  • Turkmenistan → Romania
  • Morocco → Romania
  • Ukraine → Romania
  • China → Romania
  • Vietnam → Romania
  • Ethiopia → Romania
  • Syria → Romania
  • Tunisia → Romania
  • United States → Romania
  • Iran → Romania
  • Indonesia → Romania
Source: OECD, International Migration Database (OECD.ELS.IMD), accessed 24 Oct 2026Data as at 2023

Official data, not advice. Visa Atlas publishes figures from government registers and statistics. It does not assess eligibility or give immigration advice; for advice, consult a regulated adviser. Read more