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Türkiye

Nationality · visas, permits and migration

Moved to OECD countries, 2023
176,522
Top destination, 2023
Germany
U.S. non-immigrant visas, FY2025
132,895
UK visas issued, 2025
246,323
Schengen visa refusal rate, 2024
14.5%
NationalityTRISO 3166
Year by year
Data as at 2025
NA<TRTURKIYE<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
TR4<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<8

Visa requirements for a short visit

Whether citizens of Türkiye need a visa for a short tourist or business visit, according to the legal lists. Rules change; check the official source before travelling.

DestinationShort visitLegal basis
Schengen areaVisa requiredRegulation (EU) 2018/1806 (consolidated 30.12.2025)
United KingdomVisa requiredImmigration Rules, Appendix Visitor / ETA National List
CanadaTemporary resident visa requiredIRPR s. 190, Schedule 1.1
Hong KongNo visa for visits of up to 90 daysImmigration Department (HKSAR), visit visa requirements, 31.12.2025
Source: Regulation (EU) 2018/1806 (consolidated 30 Dec 2025); UK Immigration Rules, Appendix Visitor and ETA National List; Canada IRPR s. 190 and Schedule 1.1; Immigration Department (HKSAR), visit visa requirements as at 31 Dec 2025Data as at Oct 2026

Where people from Türkiye move

Inflows of foreign nationals by country of nationality, as recorded by each destination (OECD).

Inflows to OECD countries, 2023
  1. Germany115,937
  2. Netherlands11,250
  3. Austria7,595
  4. United States7,580
  5. France6,780
  6. Belgium6,119
  7. Switzerland3,788
  8. Italy2,687
  9. Hungary2,208
  10. Canada2,070
  11. Sweden1,719
  12. South Korea1,197
  13. Japan1,159
  14. Denmark996
  15. Finland940

Inflows to all OECD countries by year

88k177k200020032006200920122015201820212023
88k177k2000200420082012201620202023
Data table
200081,888
200188,523
2002101,287
200392,145
200482,151
200574,335
200665,816
200759,830
200861,612
200962,920
201062,035
201161,173
201258,530
201358,851
201453,867
201554,506
201665,442
201773,603
201883,633
201992,219
202063,121
202182,969
2022126,586
2023176,522
Share going to the top destination
65.7%
Destinations recording arrivals
15
Source: OECD, International Migration Database (OECD.ELS.IMD), accessed 24 Oct 2026Data as at 2023

Living abroad

People born in Türkiye who live in another country: mid-year estimates of the international migrant stock (UN DESA). Where a destination records citizenship rather than country of birth, its foreign citizens are counted.

Largest destinations, 2024
  1. Germany1,504,743
  2. France260,167
  3. Netherlands217,388
  4. United States176,490
  5. Austria161,487
  6. United Kingdom145,391
  7. Belgium110,089
  8. Switzerland86,906
  9. Sweden58,113
  10. Australia42,544
  11. Canada37,802
  12. Greece36,204

Living abroad by year

1.57M3.13M19901995200020052010201520202024
1.57M3.13M19902000201020202024
Data table
19901,862,302
19952,388,133
20002,673,854
20052,651,430
20102,709,646
20152,727,575
20202,837,815
20243,130,337
Living abroad, 2024
3,130,337
Change since 2000
+17.1%
Share living in the largest destination, 2024
48.1%
Source: United Nations, DESA Population Division, International Migrant Stock 2024 (CC BY 3.0 IGO)Data as at 2024

United States

Visas issued to citizens of Türkiye by U.S. consulates (fiscal years, October–September) and certified PERM labor certifications.

Non-immigrant visas by class, FY2025
  1. B1/B2112,662
  2. J17,059
  3. C1/D4,614
  4. F12,369
  5. H1B808
  6. E2586
  7. A2553
  8. L2523
  9. J2515
  10. L1480

Non-immigrant visas by fiscal year

67k135k201720182019202020212022202320242025
67k135k20172019202120232025
Data table
201765,147
201883,137
201989,392
202044,703
202120,753
202272,280
2023130,532
2024134,695
2025132,895
Immigrant visas by class, FY2025
  1. DV1,625
  2. IR5334
  3. IR1309
  4. E2268
  5. E1145
  6. CR1143
  7. SQ3100
  8. IR299
Immigrant visas, FY2025
3,430
Certified PERM labor certifications, FY2024 (latest year with citizenship)
556
Source: U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Consular Affairs, monthly visa issuances (public domain); U.S. Department of Labor, OFLC PERM disclosure data (public domain)Data as at FY2025

Green cards and U.S. citizenship

People born in Türkiye who became U.S. lawful permanent residents (green cards) or U.S. citizens, and admissions of citizens of Türkiye with an I-94 record (DHS, fiscal years).

Green cards by fiscal year

4,0158,0302015201620172018201920202021202220232024
4,0158,030201520172019202120232024
Data table
20154,200
20164,470
20174,840
20185,590
20195,710
20204,360
20214,470
20227,000
20237,330
20248,030
Green cards by class of admission, FY2024
  1. Immediate relatives of U.S. citizens3,270
  2. Refugees and asylees1,800
  3. Employment-based preferences1,500
  4. Diversity visa lottery1,200
  5. Family-sponsored preferences170
  6. Other classes90
Temporary worker admissions (I-94), FY2024
  1. Intracompany transferees (L-1)3,020
  2. Specialty occupations (H-1B)2,830
  3. Spouses and children2,640
  4. Extraordinary ability (O-1, O-2)790
  5. Other temporary workers290
  6. Seasonal non-agricultural workers (H-2B)190
  7. Athletes, artists and entertainers (P)90
Green cards, FY2024 (born in Türkiye)
8,030
Naturalizations, FY2024 (born in Türkiye)
4,890
I-94 admissions, FY2024 (citizenship)
221,990
Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Office of Homeland Security Statistics, Yearbook of Immigration Statistics 2024 (public domain)Data as at FY2024

United Kingdom

Entry clearance visas issued to nationals of Türkiye (Home Office) and students with a permanent address in Türkiye (HESA).

Visas issued by group, 2025
  1. Visitor234,358
  2. Study6,305
  3. Work3,533
  4. Family1,305
  5. Other822

Visas issued by year

123k246k201020122014201620182020202220242025
123k246k201020132016201920222025
Data table
201087,817
201190,316
201291,079
201398,181
2014100,327
2015103,151
2016107,317
2017115,237
2018111,804
2019105,248
202038,293
202128,420
202290,052
2023140,985
2024187,088
2025246,323
Students at UK universities, 2024/25
7,330
Source: Home Office, Immigration system statistics (year ending June 2026), Open Government Licence v3.0Data as at 2025

Canada

Permits and invitations for citizens of Türkiye, by year the permit took effect (IRCC).

YearTFWP workIMP workStudyPermanent residentsExpress Entry invitations
20251001,4402,6501,895200
2024754,6902,5352,455240
202326511,6454,3702,075330
20221751,6403,3602,425120
20211101,4254,0854,625365
2020601,0602,0402,120355
20191001,1253,4052,830310
20181008553,2952,085340
2017857403,1051,115375
2016605902,33592075
2015153701,66587045
Source: IRCC, monthly open data (rounded to the nearest 5). Open Government Licence – CanadaData as at 2025

Australia

Temporary skilled visas (subclass 457 to 2018, then 482) granted to primary applicants who are citizens of Türkiye, by financial year ending 30 June (Home Affairs).

Primary visas granted by financial year

1072142005–062007–082009–102011–122013–142015–162017–182019–202021–222023–242025–26
1072142005–062009–102013–142017–182021–222025–26
Data table
2005–0665
2006–0783
2007–08124
2008–0963
2009–1054
2010–1178
2011–12137
2012–13135
2013–1499
2014–1582
2015–1696
2016–1794
2017–1876
2018–1983
2019–2070
2020–2156
2021–2279
2022–23148
2023–24133
2024–25214
2025–26191
By stream, 2025–26
  1. Core Skills141
  2. Specialist Skills28
  3. Short-term9
  4. Medium-term7
  5. Labour Agreement6
Granted, 2025–26
191
Share of all Australian grants, 2025–26
0.3%
Source: Department of Home Affairs (Australia), BP0014 Temporary Resident (skilled) visas granted, data locked at 30 Sep 2026 (data.gov.au, CC BY)Data as at 2025–26

Japan

Citizens of Türkiye living in Japan at the end of each December, by status of residence (Immigration Services Agency of Japan). 2020 and 2021 were published only as database tables.

Foreign residents in Japan

3,9607,9192012201420162018202220242025
3,9607,9192012201420162018202220242025
Data table
20122,529
20133,085
20143,654
20154,157
20164,648
20175,502
20185,244
20195,419
20226,080
20236,464
20247,711
20257,919
By status of residence, December 2025
  1. Spouse or Child of Japanese National1,367
  2. Permanent Resident1,310
  3. Designated Activities1,203
  4. Student841
  5. Dependent771
  6. Long-Term Resident616
  7. Engineer/Specialist in Humanities/International Services603
  8. Spouse or Child of Permanent Resident420
  9. Business Manager293
  10. Skilled Labor150
Residents, December 2025
7,919
In work-related statuses
1,378
Share in work-related statuses
17.4%
Students
841
Source: Immigration Services Agency of Japan, Statistics on Foreign Residents (在留外国人統計), Table 1, end of December (e-Stat; Government of Japan Standard Terms of Use 2.0)Data as at Dec 2025

Schengen visas in Türkiye

Short-stay (C) visa applications at Schengen consulates located in Türkiye, 2024. Applicants are mostly, but not only, its citizens.

Schengen stateApplicationsIssuedNot issuedRefusal rate
Greece296,377264,31231,47210.6%
Germany215,506170,26044,77120.8%
France151,640129,94721,39014.1%
Italy117,432106,19311,1539.5%
Netherlands97,00684,24011,79212.2%
Bulgaria48,90239,9285,25010.7%
Spain44,41839,0112,8546.4%
Hungary30,30224,5505,75219.0%
Austria23,17118,3904,77820.6%
Switzerland23,03420,4062,53911.0%
Czechia21,11816,0265,08624.1%
Sweden18,16012,3705,42229.9%
Romania15,45814,7646053.9%
Denmark10,5616,9473,66434.7%
Belgium10,2378,3071,75317.1%

Applications by year

587k1.17M2009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220232024
587k1.17M200920122015201820212024
Data table
2009547,431
2010559,946
2011624,361
2012668,835
2013780,846
2014813,339
2015900,789
2016937,487
2017971,710
2018879,240
2019906,862
2020229,282
2021271,977
2022778,409
20231,055,885
20241,173,917
Refusal rate, 2024
14.5%
Refusal rate, 2019
9.7%
Source: European Commission, DG Migration and Home Affairs, visa statistics for consulates (CC BY 4.0)Data as at 2024

Residence permits in Europe

First residence permits issued to citizens of Türkiye in EU and EFTA countries, 2025 (Eurostat).

First permits by reason
  1. Family46,997
  2. Other reasons31,834
  3. Work31,065
  4. Education23,401
First permits by country
  1. Germany49,744
  2. France9,559
  3. Netherlands8,505
  4. Poland7,553
  5. Italy6,588
  6. Romania5,368
  7. Greece5,225
  8. Bulgaria5,155
  9. Belgium4,724
  10. Austria3,730
  11. Hungary3,715
  12. Serbia3,632
Work permits by type, 2025
  1. EU Blue Card2,947
  2. Highly skilled workers (national schemes)4,018
  3. Researchers797
  4. Other paid activities23,303
EU Blue Cards granted, 2024
5,645
Citizenships acquired in the EU, 2024
43,284
Students in EU/EFTA tertiary education, 2024
46,266
Refused entry at EU external borders, 2025
5,735
Valid residence permits, 31 Dec 2025
2,100,655
Long-term residence permits issued, 2025
109,967
Changed status into work, 2025
4,253
Intra-corporate transferee permits, 2025
433
Seasonal work authorisations, 2024
2,133
Source: Eurostat (migr_resfirst, migr_resbc11, migr_acq, educ_uoe_mobs02, migr_eirfs, migr_pop1ctz), CC BY 4.0Data as at 2024–2025

National statistics in Europe

Citizens of Türkiye in the figures of national statistics offices: residence permits granted in Denmark, immigrations by grounds for settlement in Sweden and immigrants with a non-EU/EFTA nationality by migration motive in the Netherlands; Finland and Austria publish immigration and emigration by citizenship only.

CountryYearAllWorkStudyFamilyProtectionOther or unknown
Denmark20251,6141,1022262252734
Sweden20251,3824691586089156
Netherlands20258,9901,8402,2553,8301,00065
CountryYearImmigrationEmigrationNet migration
Finland2025965165800
Austria20254,5714,130441
Work-related, latest year
  1. Denmark1,102
  2. Sweden469
  3. Netherlands1,840
Source: Danmarks Statistik, Statistikbanken VAN66 and VAN77M (CC BY 4.0); SCB (Statistics Sweden), Statistikdatabasen TAB1614 and TAB6670 (CC0); CBS (Statistics Netherlands), StatLine 84809NED (CC BY 4.0); Statistics Finland (Tilastokeskus), StatFin 11a8 (CC BY 4.0); Statistik Austria, OGD_bevwan020_AUSSENWAND_100 (CC BY 4.0)Data as at 2025

Germany

Citizens of Türkiye living in Germany on 31 December 2025, by residence status in the Central Register of Foreigners (Destatis).

By residence status, 31 Dec 2025
  1. Permanent residence title1,076,270
  2. Family reasons123,745
  3. Application for a residence title pending65,910
  4. Permission to reside during the asylum procedure59,190
  5. Neither tolerated nor permitted49,910
  6. International law, humanitarian or political reasons39,125
  7. Special residence rights and national visas30,855
  8. Employment25,205
  9. Tolerated stay (Duldung)20,925
  10. Education and training16,140
  11. EU free movement11,065

Residents in Germany (31 Dec)

774k1.55M201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
774k1.55M2014201620182020202220242025
Data table
20141,527,118
20151,506,113
20161,492,580
20171,483,515
20181,476,410
20191,472,390
20201,461,910
20211,458,360
20221,487,110
20231,548,095
20241,544,480
20251,520,400
Residents in Germany, 31 Dec 2025
1,520,400
With a residence title for employment
25,205
Permanent residence title
1,076,270
Source: Federal Statistical Office of Germany (Destatis), Central Register of Foreigners, 31 December 2025 (reproduction permitted with source)Data as at 31 Dec 2025

Italy

New residence permits issued in Italy to citizens of Türkiye, by year and reason, and permits valid on 1 January 2026 (Istat).

New permits by year

3,1866,3722016201720182019202020212022202320242025
3,1866,372201620182020202220242025
Data table
20161,725
20172,044
20182,370
20191,848
2020913
20212,337
20223,416
20234,056
20243,647
20256,372
New permits by reason, 2025
  1. Study3,682
  2. Asylum and protection1,177
  3. Family1,020
  4. Work331
  5. Other reasons162
New permits, 2025
6,372
Valid permits, 1 Jan 2026
32,049
EU long-term residents, 1 Jan 2026
9,868
Source: Istat, residence permits of non-EU citizens: permits issued in the year and valid permits on 1 January (CC BY 4.0)Data as at 2025

Foreign embassies and consulates in Türkiye

Countries with an embassy or consulate in Türkiye, as recorded in Wikidata.

CountryEmbassiesConsulates-generalConsulates
Afghanistan1——
Albania1——
Algeria1——
Angola1——
Argentina1——
Australia1——
Austria11—
Azerbaijan1——
Bahrain1——
Bangladesh1——
Belarus1——
Belgium1——
Bolivia1——
Bosnia and Herzegovina11—
Brazil1——
Brunei1——
Bulgaria1——
Burkina Faso1——
Burundi1——
Cambodia1——
Cameroon1——
Canada1——
Chad1——
Chile1——
China12—
Colombia1——
Costa Rica1——
Croatia1——
Cuba1——
Czechia1——
Côte d’Ivoire1——
DR Congo1——
Djibouti1——
Dominican Republic1——
Ecuador1——
Egypt11—
El Salvador1——
Equatorial Guinea1——
Estonia1——
Ethiopia1——
Finland1——
France11—
Gabon1——
Gambia1——
Georgia1——
Germany121
Ghana1——
Greece12—
Guatemala1——
Guinea1——
Guinea-Bissau1——
Hungary11—
India1——
Indonesia11—
Iran11—
Iraq1——
Ireland1——
Israel1——
Italy11—
Japan11—
Jordan1——
Kazakhstan1——
Kenya1——
Kosovo1——
Kuwait1——
Kyrgyzstan11—
Latvia1——
Lebanon1——
Libya1——
Lithuania1——
Luxembourg1——
Malaysia11—
Maldives1——
Mali1——
Malta11—
Mauritania1——
Mexico1——
Moldova1——
Mongolia1——
Montenegro1——
Morocco11—
Netherlands1——
New Zealand1——
Nicaragua1——
Niger1——
Nigeria1——
North Macedonia11—
Norway1——
Oman1——
Pakistan1——
Palestine11—
Panama1——
Paraguay1——
Peru1——
Philippines1——
Poland11—
Portugal1——
Qatar1——
Republic of the Congo1——
Romania11—
Russia1——
Rwanda1——
Saudi Arabia11—
Senegal1——
Serbia1——
Sierra Leone1——
Singapore1——
Slovakia1——
Slovenia1——
Somalia1——
South Africa1——
South Korea11—
South Sudan1——
Spain11—
Sri Lanka1——
Sudan1——
Sweden11—
Switzerland11—
Syria11—
Tajikistan1——
Tanzania1——
Thailand1——
Togo1——
Tunisia1——
Turkmenistan1——
Uganda1——
Ukraine1——
United Arab Emirates11—
United Kingdom112
United States—11
Uruguay1——
Uzbekistan1——
Venezuela1——
Vietnam1——
Yemen1——
Zambia1——
Zimbabwe1——
Countries
137
Missions
172
Source: Wikidata (CC0)Data as at Oct 2026

Remittances

Money that migrants send home: personal remittances received by Türkiye, in current US dollars (World Bank).

Remittances received by year, US$ million

2,2804,5602000200320062009201220152018202120242025
2,2804,560200020052010201520202025
Data table
20004,560
20012,786
20021,936
2003729
2004804
20051,368
20061,833
20072,096
20082,439
20091,834
20101,819
20111,883
20121,881
20131,901
20141,739
20151,401
20161,201
20171,056
20181,147
2019856
2020816
2021726
2022696
20231,029
2024982
2025761
Remittances received, 2025
US$761 million
Share of GDP, 2025
0.05%
Average cost of sending US$200 to Türkiye, 2023
2.3%
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)Data as at 2025

All corridors from Türkiye

Destinations with a dedicated page for citizens of this country.

  • Türkiye → Germany
  • Türkiye → Greece
  • Türkiye → France
  • Türkiye → United States
  • Türkiye → Italy
  • Türkiye → Netherlands
  • Türkiye → Bulgaria
  • Türkiye → Spain
  • Türkiye → Austria
  • Türkiye → Belgium
  • Türkiye → Hungary
  • Türkiye → Switzerland
  • Türkiye → Czechia
  • Türkiye → Sweden
  • Türkiye → Romania
  • Türkiye → Denmark
  • Türkiye → Canada
  • Türkiye → Poland
  • Türkiye → Norway
  • Türkiye → Malta
  • Türkiye → South Korea
  • Türkiye → Japan
  • Türkiye → Slovenia
  • Türkiye → Finland
  • Türkiye → Croatia
  • Türkiye → Lithuania
  • Türkiye → Portugal
  • Türkiye → United Kingdom
Source: OECD, International Migration Database (OECD.ELS.IMD), accessed 24 Oct 2026Data as at 2023

Official data, not advice. Visa Atlas publishes figures from government registers and statistics. It does not assess eligibility or give immigration advice; for advice, consult a regulated adviser. Read more