Luxembourg
Destination country · migration, permits and visas
- Inflow of foreign nationals, 2023 (OECD)
- 25,008
- Largest group, 2023
- Portugal
- First residence permits, 2025 (Eurostat)
- 8,953
- Schengen visa refusal rate, 2024
- 12.6%
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Who moves to Luxembourg
Inflows of foreign nationals recorded by Luxembourg, by nationality (OECD).
All inflows by year
Data table
| 2000 | 10,321 |
| 2001 | 10,613 |
| 2002 | 10,311 |
| 2003 | 11,910 |
| 2004 | 11,867 |
| 2005 | 13,329 |
| 2006 | 13,423 |
| 2007 | 15,429 |
| 2008 | 16,460 |
| 2009 | 14,422 |
| 2010 | 15,574 |
| 2011 | 18,898 |
| 2012 | 19,174 |
| 2013 | 19,536 |
| 2014 | 20,853 |
| 2015 | 22,386 |
| 2016 | 21,388 |
| 2017 | 23,059 |
| 2018 | 23,238 |
| 2019 | 25,028 |
| 2020 | 20,885 |
| 2021 | 23,626 |
| 2022 | 29,701 |
| 2023 | 25,008 |
Foreign nationals living in Luxembourg
Stock of foreign nationals by nationality (latest year reported) and acquisitions of Luxembourg's nationality (OECD).
- Brazil4,404
- Portugal1,237
- France1,131
- United States936
- Belgium516
- Italy320
- Germany308
- Russia222
- United Kingdom189
- Syria173
- Cape Verde159
- India124
- Iraq120
- Montenegro101
- Spain100
Acquisitions of nationality by year
Data table
| 2000 | 655 |
| 2001 | 473 |
| 2002 | 721 |
| 2003 | 744 |
| 2004 | 806 |
| 2005 | 888 |
| 2006 | 1,067 |
| 2007 | 1,166 |
| 2008 | 1,121 |
| 2009 | 3,896 |
| 2010 | 4,245 |
| 2011 | 3,357 |
| 2012 | 4,647 |
| 2013 | 4,386 |
| 2014 | 4,951 |
| 2015 | 5,237 |
| 2016 | 7,088 |
| 2017 | 8,920 |
| 2018 | 11,742 |
| 2019 | 11,298 |
| 2020 | 9,276 |
| 2021 | 6,741 |
| 2022 | 10,409 |
| 2023 | 11,804 |
International migrants
People living in Luxembourg who were born in another country, or who hold foreign citizenship where country of birth is not recorded: mid-year estimates (UN DESA).
- Portugal86,893
- France49,649
- Belgium24,933
- Italy21,807
- Germany19,730
- Cape Verde8,211
- Spain6,528
- United Kingdom6,507
- Romania6,036
- Poland5,835
- China4,961
- Netherlands4,604
International migrants by year
Data table
| 1990 | 113,795 |
| 1995 | 126,106 |
| 2000 | 139,750 |
| 2005 | 150,618 |
| 2010 | 163,142 |
| 2015 | 248,888 |
| 2020 | 298,062 |
| 2024 | 344,309 |
- International migrants, 2024
- 344,309
- Share of the population, 2024
- 51.2%
- Counted by
- country of birth
Migrants in the labour market
Labour force survey results for Luxembourg: residents aged 15 and over who were born abroad, compared with those born in the country (ILOSTAT).
| Indicator | Born in the country | Born abroad |
|---|---|---|
| Employment-to-population ratio, 2025 | 50.5% | 64.7% |
| Unemployment rate, 2024 | 5.2% | 7.1% |
- Born abroad: share of all workers, 2025
- 60.4%
- Born abroad: share of high-skill jobs, 2025
- 62.6%
- Born abroad: share of medium-skill jobs, 2025
- 52.1%
- Born abroad: share of elementary jobs, 2025
- 77.0%
Earnings by occupation
Mean gross annual earnings of employees in Luxembourg by major occupation group, in enterprises with 10 or more employees (Eurostat, Structure of Earnings Survey 2022).
| Occupation group | Mean annual earnings, EUR | Index, all occupations = 100 |
|---|---|---|
| All occupations | 74,542 | 100 |
| Managers | 158,634 | 213 |
| Professionals | 96,440 | 129 |
| Technicians and associate professionals | 76,729 | 103 |
| Clerical support workers | 59,079 | 79 |
| Service and sales workers | 45,890 | 62 |
| Skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers | 43,990 | 59 |
| Craft and related trades workers | 46,410 | 62 |
| Plant and machine operators and assemblers | 48,924 | 66 |
| Elementary occupations | 38,365 | 51 |
- Mean gross annual earnings, all employees, 2022
- 74,542 EUR
- Women's mean earnings as a share of men's, 2022
- 95.5%
Residence permits
First residence permits issued by Luxembourg to non-EU citizens (Eurostat).
First permits by year
Data table
| 2009 | 2,850 |
| 2010 | 2,363 |
| 2011 | 2,698 |
| 2012 | 3,804 |
| 2013 | 4,162 |
| 2014 | 4,272 |
| 2015 | 4,901 |
| 2016 | 5,586 |
| 2017 | 7,157 |
| 2018 | 7,710 |
| 2019 | 8,398 |
| 2020 | 5,691 |
| 2021 | 7,042 |
| 2022 | 9,223 |
| 2023 | 9,721 |
| 2024 | 9,848 |
| 2025 | 8,953 |
- Family5,076
- Work1,930
- Other reasons1,105
- Education842
- India830
- Syria820
- Eritrea524
- China497
- Brazil484
- United States424
- Türkiye333
- Morocco315
- Tunisia283
- Russia267
- Cameroon260
- Cape Verde243
- United Kingdom183
- Philippines154
- Pakistan149
- Other paid activities1,101
- EU Blue Card719
- Researchers110
- Valid residence permits, 31 Dec 2025
- 68,666
- Long-term residence permits issued, 2025
- 2,108
- Changed status into work, 2025
- 469
- Intra-corporate transferee permits, 2025
- 208
Schengen visas issued by Luxembourg
Short-stay visa applications at Luxembourg's consulates worldwide.
Applications by year
Data table
| 2009 | 5,493 |
| 2010 | 7,822 |
| 2011 | 9,051 |
| 2012 | 10,555 |
| 2013 | 11,222 |
| 2014 | 11,567 |
| 2015 | 10,267 |
| 2016 | 9,902 |
| 2017 | 10,004 |
| 2018 | 10,876 |
| 2019 | 11,723 |
| 2020 | 2,469 |
| 2021 | 2,383 |
| 2022 | 6,931 |
| 2023 | 11,227 |
| 2024 | 13,007 |
| Country of the consulate | Applications 2024 | Refusal rate |
|---|---|---|
| India | 3,233 | 15.4% |
| Türkiye | 2,923 | 15.9% |
| China | 2,630 | 2.9% |
| United Kingdom | 1,105 | 6.7% |
| Russia | 951 | 2.6% |
| United Arab Emirates | 719 | 39.8% |
| Thailand | 419 | 5.5% |
| Senegal | 358 | 41.3% |
| United States | 336 | 6.0% |
| Luxembourg | 182 | 0.5% |
| Japan | 54 | 14.8% |
| Portugal | 31 | 3.2% |
| Belgium | 20 | 25.0% |
| Italy | 15 | 6.7% |
| Germany | 10 | 30.0% |
Luxembourg's embassies and consulates abroad
Countries in which Luxembourg has an embassy or consulate, as recorded in Wikidata.
| Country | Embassies | Consulates-general | Consulates |
|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | 1 | — | — |
| Belgium | 1 | — | — |
| Brazil | 1 | — | — |
| Canada | 1 | — | — |
| Cape Verde | 1 | — | — |
| China | 1 | — | — |
| Czechia | 2 | — | — |
| Ethiopia | 1 | — | — |
| France | 1 | 1 | — |
| Germany | 1 | — | — |
| Greece | 1 | — | — |
| India | 1 | — | — |
| Italy | 2 | — | — |
| Japan | 1 | — | — |
| Kosovo | 1 | — | — |
| Nicaragua | 1 | — | — |
| Poland | 1 | — | — |
| Portugal | 1 | — | — |
| Russia | 1 | — | — |
| Senegal | 1 | — | — |
| South Korea | 1 | — | — |
| Spain | 1 | — | — |
| Switzerland | 1 | — | — |
| Thailand | 1 | — | — |
| Türkiye | 1 | — | — |
| United Arab Emirates | 1 | — | — |
| United Kingdom | 1 | — | — |
| United States | 1 | — | — |
- Countries
- 28
- Missions
- 31
Remittances sent abroad
Personal remittances paid from Luxembourg to other countries, in current US dollars (World Bank).
Remittances paid by year, US$ million
Data table
| 2000 | 2,720 |
| 2001 | 3,139 |
| 2002 | 4,070 |
| 2003 | 5,068 |
| 2004 | 6,038 |
| 2005 | 6,742 |
| 2006 | 7,627 |
| 2007 | 9,368 |
| 2008 | 11,043 |
| 2009 | 10,759 |
| 2010 | 10,659 |
| 2011 | 11,775 |
| 2012 | 11,454 |
| 2013 | 12,419 |
| 2014 | 12,917 |
| 2015 | 11,233 |
| 2016 | 11,679 |
| 2017 | 12,694 |
| 2018 | 14,045 |
| 2019 | 14,103 |
| 2020 | 14,275 |
| 2021 | 16,658 |
| 2022 | 16,075 |
| 2023 | 18,079 |
| 2024 | 18,744 |
| 2025 | 20,012 |
- Remittances paid, 2025
- US$20,012 million
Corridors into Luxembourg
Nationalities with a dedicated corridor page.
- Portugal → Luxembourg
- France → Luxembourg
- Italy → Luxembourg
- India → Luxembourg
- Syria → Luxembourg
- Eritrea → Luxembourg
- Spain → Luxembourg
- Belgium → Luxembourg
- Germany → Luxembourg
- Ukraine → Luxembourg
Official data, not advice. Visa Atlas publishes figures from government registers and statistics. It does not assess eligibility or give immigration advice; for advice, consult a regulated adviser. Read more