VISA ATLASWork visas & talent mobility
From→ToFind a corridor EN
☰

United States

Nationality · visas, permits and migration

Moved to OECD countries, 2023
134,266
Top destination, 2023
South Korea
UK visas issued, 2025
35,160
Schengen visa refusal rate, 2024
4.1%
NationalityUSISO 3166
Year by year
Data as at 2025
NA<USUNITED<STATES<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
US4<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<8

Visa requirements for a short visit

Whether citizens of the United States need a visa for a short tourist or business visit, according to the legal lists. Rules change; check the official source before travelling.

DestinationShort visitLegal basis
Schengen areaNo visa for stays of up to 90 days in any 180-day periodRegulation (EU) 2018/1806 (consolidated 30.12.2025)
United KingdomNo visa; electronic travel authorisation (ETA) requiredImmigration Rules, Appendix Visitor / ETA National List
CanadaNo visa or eTA neededIRPR s. 190, Schedule 1.1
Hong KongNo visa for visits of up to 90 daysImmigration Department (HKSAR), visit visa requirements, 31.12.2025
Source: Regulation (EU) 2018/1806 (consolidated 30 Dec 2025); UK Immigration Rules, Appendix Visitor and ETA National List; Canada IRPR s. 190 and Schedule 1.1; Immigration Department (HKSAR), visit visa requirements as at 31 Dec 2025Data as at Oct 2026

Where people from the United States move

Inflows of foreign nationals by country of nationality, as recorded by each destination (OECD).

Inflows to OECD countries, 2023
  1. South Korea23,710
  2. Japan19,684
  3. Germany14,858
  4. Spain13,218
  5. Canada10,640
  6. Mexico7,656
  7. Netherlands5,729
  8. Portugal4,823
  9. New Zealand4,191
  10. France4,170
  11. Denmark4,154
  12. Australia2,863
  13. Italy2,683
  14. Israel2,413
  15. Switzerland2,363

Inflows to all OECD countries by year

78k156k200020032006200920122015201820212023
78k156k2000200420082012201620202023
Data table
200086,871
200191,221
200293,546
200390,683
200494,953
200598,859
2006103,343
2007102,166
2008111,303
2009114,996
2010120,944
2011119,320
2012141,020
2013146,933
2014148,281
2015142,603
2016143,388
2017148,941
2018150,906
2019156,281
202089,868
2021112,062
2022130,248
2023134,266
Share going to the top destination
17.7%
Destinations recording arrivals
15
Source: OECD, International Migration Database (OECD.ELS.IMD), accessed 24 Oct 2026Data as at 2023

Living abroad

People born in the United States who live in another country: mid-year estimates of the international migrant stock (UN DESA). Where a destination records citizenship rather than country of birth, its foreign citizens are counted.

Largest destinations, 2024
  1. Mexico823,502
  2. Canada256,571
  3. United Kingdom243,570
  4. Germany152,501
  5. Puerto Rico144,149
  6. Australia114,202
  7. Israel97,258
  8. Spain68,613
  9. Japan62,509
  10. Bangladesh61,983
  11. China60,434
  12. France59,171

Living abroad by year

1.59M3.19M19901995200020052010201520202024
1.59M3.19M19902000201020202024
Data table
19901,725,058
19951,860,615
20002,017,599
20052,320,398
20102,774,899
20152,968,434
20203,082,359
20243,186,999
Living abroad, 2024
3,186,999
Change since 2000
+58.0%
Share living in the largest destination, 2024
25.8%
Source: United Nations, DESA Population Division, International Migrant Stock 2024 (CC BY 3.0 IGO)Data as at 2024

United States

Visas issued to citizens of the United States by U.S. consulates (fiscal years, October–September) and certified PERM labor certifications.

Immigrant visas, FY2025
0
Certified PERM labor certifications, FY2024 (latest year with citizenship)
67
Source: U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Consular Affairs, monthly visa issuances (public domain); U.S. Department of Labor, OFLC PERM disclosure data (public domain)Data as at FY2025

Green cards and U.S. citizenship

People born in the United States who became U.S. lawful permanent residents (green cards) or U.S. citizens, and admissions of citizens of the United States with an I-94 record (DHS, fiscal years).

Green cards by fiscal year

2354702015201620172018201920202021202220232024
235470201520172019202120232024
Data table
2015370
2016470
2017410
2018310
2019260
2020190
2021260
2022290
2023220
2024220
Green cards by class of admission, FY2024
  1. Immediate relatives of U.S. citizens140
  2. Other classes30
  3. Employment-based preferences20
  4. Refugees and asylees20
  5. Family-sponsored preferences10
Green cards, FY2024 (born in the United States)
220
Naturalizations, FY2024 (born in the United States)
390
I-94 admissions, FY2024 (citizenship)
0
Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Office of Homeland Security Statistics, Yearbook of Immigration Statistics 2024 (public domain)Data as at FY2024

United Kingdom

Entry clearance visas issued to nationals of the United States (Home Office) and students with a permanent address in the United States (HESA).

Visas issued by group, 2025
  1. Study16,808
  2. Work11,470
  3. Family3,409
  4. Visitor2,211
  5. Other1,262

Visas issued by year

19k38k201020122014201620182020202220242025
19k38k201020132016201920222025
Data table
201038,495
201136,830
201234,910
201337,803
201437,349
201536,622
201634,792
201735,273
201835,703
201935,516
202018,327
202130,710
202232,467
202332,913
202432,205
202535,160
Students at UK universities, 2024/25
23,505
Source: Home Office, Immigration system statistics (year ending June 2026), Open Government Licence v3.0Data as at 2025

Canada

Permits and invitations for citizens of the United States, by year the permit took effect (IRCC).

YearTFWP workIMP workStudyPermanent residentsExpress Entry invitations
20251,18520,2658,7507,510585
20241,55021,0206,9509,325740
20231,27019,9407,95010,640990
20221,25519,2207,16510,415635
202183517,1258,44511,9501,170
202063013,9204,4206,3801,200
20191,80028,7206,85010,7851,195
20182,10528,4256,70510,8951,295
20172,63029,6657,1459,1401,475
20163,73030,3956,4358,480875
20155,30025,7905,5707,655710
Source: IRCC, monthly open data (rounded to the nearest 5). Open Government Licence – CanadaData as at 2025

Australia

Temporary skilled visas (subclass 457 to 2018, then 482) granted to primary applicants who are citizens of the United States, by financial year ending 30 June (Home Affairs).

Primary visas granted by financial year

2,4194,8372005–062007–082009–102011–122013–142015–162017–182019–202021–222023–242025–26
2,4194,8372005–062009–102013–142017–182021–222025–26
Data table
2005–062,180
2006–072,680
2007–083,412
2008–093,057
2009–102,949
2010–113,911
2011–124,837
2012–134,062
2013–143,241
2014–153,172
2015–162,508
2016–172,587
2017–181,767
2018–191,894
2019–201,249
2020–21901
2021–22772
2022–231,111
2023–241,061
2024–251,157
2025–261,301
By stream, 2025–26
  1. Specialist Skills801
  2. Core Skills447
  3. Labour Agreement38
  4. Short-term11
  5. Medium-term4
Granted, 2025–26
1,301
Share of all Australian grants, 2025–26
1.9%
Source: Department of Home Affairs (Australia), BP0014 Temporary Resident (skilled) visas granted, data locked at 30 Sep 2026 (data.gov.au, CC BY)Data as at 2025–26

Japan

Citizens of the United States living in Japan at the end of each December, by status of residence (Immigration Services Agency of Japan). 2020 and 2021 were published only as database tables.

Foreign residents in Japan

35k70k2012201420162018202220242025
35k70k2012201420162018202220242025
Data table
201248,361
201349,981
201451,256
201552,271
201653,705
201755,713
201857,500
201959,172
202260,804
202363,408
202466,111
202569,787
By status of residence, December 2025
  1. Permanent Resident20,810
  2. Spouse or Child of Japanese National14,118
  3. Engineer/Specialist in Humanities/International Services9,100
  4. Instructor5,981
  5. Dependent5,237
  6. Student5,231
  7. Long-Term Resident1,856
  8. Religious Activities1,761
  9. Highly Skilled Professional1,010
  10. Special Permanent Resident884
Residents, December 2025
69,787
In work-related statuses
20,453
Share in work-related statuses
29.3%
Students
5,231
Source: Immigration Services Agency of Japan, Statistics on Foreign Residents (在留外国人統計), Table 1, end of December (e-Stat; Government of Japan Standard Terms of Use 2.0)Data as at Dec 2025

Schengen visas in the United States

Short-stay (C) visa applications at Schengen consulates located in the United States, 2024. Applicants are mostly, but not only, its citizens.

Schengen stateApplicationsIssuedNot issuedRefusal rate
France61,15258,4012,0393.3%
Germany24,31623,3128363.4%
Spain24,09722,5059373.9%
Italy16,72916,5761490.9%
Netherlands13,33912,7431691.3%
Switzerland9,8639,4853123.2%
Greece7,0195,884620.9%
Portugal6,2436,030340.5%
Iceland6,1965,8073435.5%
Denmark5,5484,4714828.7%
Sweden4,9153,89286017.5%
Austria4,2614,0112455.7%
Norway4,2283,50472417.1%
Belgium3,2532,9921073.3%
Finland2,1951,77640418.4%

Applications by year

101k202k2009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220232024
101k202k200920122015201820212024
Data table
2009118,356
2010111,411
2011104,603
2012101,907
2013104,226
2014110,170
2015122,285
2016126,231
2017140,004
2018160,749
2019172,965
202029,520
202131,771
2022124,841
2023174,258
2024201,602
Refusal rate, 2024
4.1%
Refusal rate, 2019
3.0%
Source: European Commission, DG Migration and Home Affairs, visa statistics for consulates (CC BY 4.0)Data as at 2024

Residence permits in Europe

First residence permits issued to citizens of the United States in EU and EFTA countries, 2025 (Eurostat).

First permits by reason
  1. Education34,669
  2. Family25,124
  3. Work21,242
  4. Other reasons17,137
First permits by country
  1. Spain15,810
  2. France15,388
  3. Germany10,188
  4. Denmark8,712
  5. Netherlands7,339
  6. Italy6,858
  7. Switzerland4,583
  8. Portugal4,448
  9. Ireland3,644
  10. Czechia3,478
  11. Sweden2,931
  12. Belgium2,217
Work permits by type, 2025
  1. EU Blue Card1,142
  2. Highly skilled workers (national schemes)3,729
  3. Researchers1,494
  4. Other paid activities14,877
EU Blue Cards granted, 2024
1,884
Citizenships acquired in the EU, 2024
6,664
Students in EU/EFTA tertiary education, 2024
30,068
Refused entry at EU external borders, 2025
1,090
Valid residence permits, 31 Dec 2025
399,650
Long-term residence permits issued, 2025
15,633
Changed status into work, 2025
2,057
Intra-corporate transferee permits, 2025
464
Seasonal work authorisations, 2024
57
Source: Eurostat (migr_resfirst, migr_resbc11, migr_acq, educ_uoe_mobs02, migr_eirfs, migr_pop1ctz), CC BY 4.0Data as at 2024–2025

National statistics in Europe

Citizens of the United States in the figures of national statistics offices: residence permits granted in Denmark, immigrations by grounds for settlement in Sweden and immigrants with a non-EU/EFTA nationality by migration motive in the Netherlands; Finland and Austria publish immigration and emigration by citizenship only.

CountryYearAllWorkStudyFamilyProtectionOther or unknown
Denmark20255,8771,3424,150289690
Sweden20251,359285239786346
Netherlands20256,1801,9552,0002,1055115
CountryYearImmigrationEmigrationNet migration
Finland2025595290305
Austria20251,9111,695216
Work-related, latest year
  1. Denmark1,342
  2. Sweden285
  3. Netherlands1,955
Source: Danmarks Statistik, Statistikbanken VAN66 and VAN77M (CC BY 4.0); SCB (Statistics Sweden), Statistikdatabasen TAB1614 and TAB6670 (CC0); CBS (Statistics Netherlands), StatLine 84809NED (CC BY 4.0); Statistics Finland (Tilastokeskus), StatFin 11a8 (CC BY 4.0); Statistik Austria, OGD_bevwan020_AUSSENWAND_100 (CC BY 4.0)Data as at 2025

Germany

Citizens of the United States living in Germany on 31 December 2025, by residence status in the Central Register of Foreigners (Destatis).

By residence status, 31 Dec 2025
  1. Permanent residence title48,910
  2. Employment16,255
  3. Family reasons15,975
  4. Application for a residence title pending10,400
  5. Neither tolerated nor permitted9,910
  6. Education and training7,600
  7. Special residence rights and national visas4,335
  8. EU free movement2,825
  9. International law, humanitarian or political reasons300
  10. Tolerated stay (Duldung)115
  11. Permission to reside during the asylum procedure45

Residents in Germany (31 Dec)

61k122k201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
61k122k2014201620182020202220242025
Data table
2014108,845
2015111,529
2016114,145
2017117,730
2018119,645
2019121,645
2020117,450
2021119,255
2022121,420
2023122,475
2024120,385
2025118,130
Residents in Germany, 31 Dec 2025
118,135
With a residence title for employment
16,255
Permanent residence title
48,910
Source: Federal Statistical Office of Germany (Destatis), Central Register of Foreigners, 31 December 2025 (reproduction permitted with source)Data as at 31 Dec 2025

Italy

New residence permits issued in Italy to citizens of the United States, by year and reason, and permits valid on 1 January 2026 (Istat).

New permits by year

4,5689,1352016201720182019202020212022202320242025
4,5689,135201620182020202220242025
Data table
20168,185
20178,234
20189,135
20197,837
20203,841
20216,999
20226,635
20236,479
20245,083
20256,935
New permits by reason, 2025
  1. Family2,684
  2. Work2,104
  3. Study1,251
  4. Other reasons876
  5. Asylum and protection20
New permits, 2025
6,935
Valid permits, 1 Jan 2026
39,205
EU long-term residents, 1 Jan 2026
8,155
Source: Istat, residence permits of non-EU citizens: permits issued in the year and valid permits on 1 January (CC BY 4.0)Data as at 2025

Foreign embassies and consulates in the United States

Countries with an embassy or consulate in the United States, as recorded in Wikidata.

CountryEmbassiesConsulates-generalConsulates
Afghanistan1——
Albania1——
Algeria1——
Andorra1——
Angola11—
Antigua and Barbuda1——
Argentina1—1
Armenia11—
Australia16—
Austria1——
Azerbaijan1——
Bahamas14—
Bahrain1——
Bangladesh1——
Barbados1——
Belarus1——
Belgium1——
Belize1——
Benin1——
Bolivia1——
Bosnia and Herzegovina1——
Botswana1——
Brazil11—
Brunei1——
Bulgaria1——
Burkina Faso1——
Burundi1——
Cambodia1——
Cameroon1——
Canada12—
Cape Verde1——
Central African Republic1——
Chad1——
Chile1——
China14—
Colombia1——
Costa Rica1——
Croatia1——
Cuba1——
Cyprus1——
Czechia1——
Côte d’Ivoire1——
Djibouti1——
Dominican Republic1——
Ecuador1——
Egypt1——
El Salvador122
Equatorial Guinea11—
Eritrea1——
Estonia12—
Eswatini1——
Ethiopia1——
Finland12—
France110—
Gabon1——
Gambia1——
Georgia1——
Germany18—
Ghana1——
Greece11—
Grenada1——
Guatemala1——
Guinea1——
Guyana1——
Haiti1——
Honduras1——
Hungary13—
Iceland1——
India11—
Indonesia15—
Iran1—1
Iraq1——
Ireland1——
Israel16—
Italy1——
Jamaica1——
Japan114—
Jordan1——
Kazakhstan1——
Kenya1——
Kosovo1——
Kuwait1——
Kyrgyzstan1——
Laos1——
Latvia1——
Lebanon1——
Lesotho1——
Liberia1——
Libya1——
Liechtenstein1——
Lithuania1——
Luxembourg1——
Madagascar1——
Malawi1——
Malaysia12—
Mali1——
Malta1——
Marshall Islands1——
Mauritania1——
Mauritius1——
Mexico122
Micronesia1——
Moldova1——
Monaco1——
Mongolia1——
Montenegro1——
Morocco12—
Mozambique1——
Myanmar1——
Namibia1——
Nepal1——
Netherlands1——
New Zealand12—
Nicaragua1——
Niger1——
Nigeria1——
North Macedonia1——
Norway12—
Oman1——
Pakistan12—
Palau1——
Palestine1——
Panama1——
Papua New Guinea1——
Paraguay1——
Peru1——
Philippines131
Poland14—
Portugal1——
Qatar1——
Republic of the Congo1——
Romania1——
Russia13—
Rwanda1——
Saint Kitts and Nevis1——
Saint Lucia1——
San Marino1——
Saudi Arabia1——
Senegal1——
Serbia1——
Seychelles1——
Sierra Leone1——
Singapore1——
Slovakia1——
Slovenia129
South Africa1——
South Korea110—
South Sudan1——
Spain19—
Sri Lanka1——
Sudan1——
Suriname1——
Sweden113
Switzerland13—
Syria1——
São Tomé and Príncipe1——
Tajikistan1——
Tanzania1——
Thailand1——
Timor-Leste1——
Togo1——
Trinidad and Tobago1——
Tunisia1——
Turkmenistan1——
Türkiye16—
Uganda1——
Ukraine11—
United Arab Emirates1—4
United Kingdom144
Uruguay1——
Uzbekistan1——
Venezuela—1—
Vietnam1——
Yemen1——
Zambia1——
Zimbabwe1——
Countries
176
Missions
335
Source: Wikidata (CC0)Data as at Oct 2026

Remittances

Money that migrants send home: personal remittances received by the United States, in current US dollars (World Bank).

Remittances received by year, US$ million

4,6739,3452000200320062009201220152018202120242025
4,6739,345200020052010201520202025
Data table
20004,395
20014,513
20024,570
20034,672
20044,734
20054,795
20065,068
20075,219
20085,364
20095,740
20105,930
20116,104
20126,303
20136,613
20146,503
20156,578
20166,330
20176,347
20186,941
20197,049
20206,827
20217,093
20227,663
20238,403
20249,027
20259,345
Remittances received, 2025
US$9,345 million
Share of GDP, 2025
0.03%
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)Data as at 2025

All corridors from the United States

Destinations with a dedicated page for citizens of this country.

  • United States → South Korea
  • United States → Japan
  • United States → Germany
  • United States → Spain
  • United States → France
  • United States → Canada
  • United States → Mexico
  • United States → Netherlands
  • United States → Portugal
  • United States → New Zealand
  • United States → Denmark
  • United States → Italy
  • United States → Australia
  • United States → Israel
  • United States → Switzerland
  • United States → Austria
  • United States → Türkiye
  • United States → Belgium
  • United States → Greece
  • United States → Iceland
  • United States → Sweden
  • United States → Hungary
  • United States → Norway
  • United States → Czechia
  • United States → Finland
  • United States → Chile
  • United States → Poland
  • United States → Romania
  • United States → Slovakia
  • United States → Malta
  • United States → Colombia
  • United States → United Kingdom
Source: OECD, International Migration Database (OECD.ELS.IMD), accessed 24 Oct 2026Data as at 2023

Official data, not advice. Visa Atlas publishes figures from government registers and statistics. It does not assess eligibility or give immigration advice; for advice, consult a regulated adviser. Read more