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Romania

Nationality · visas, permits and migration

Moved to OECD countries, 2023
353,994
Top destination, 2023
Germany
U.S. non-immigrant visas, FY2025
54,673
UK visas issued, 2025
2,297
Schengen visa refusal rate, 2024
5.9%
NationalityROISO 3166
Year by year
Data as at 2025
NA<ROROMANIA<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
RO1<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<2

Visa requirements for a short visit

Whether citizens of Romania need a visa for a short tourist or business visit, according to the legal lists. Rules change; check the official source before travelling.

DestinationShort visitLegal basis
Schengen areaFree movement (EU/EFTA citizens)Regulation (EU) 2018/1806 (consolidated 30.12.2025)
United KingdomNo visa; electronic travel authorisation (ETA) requiredImmigration Rules, Appendix Visitor / ETA National List
CanadaNo visa with certain passports; eTA needed to flyIRPR s. 190, Schedule 1.1
Hong KongNo visa for visits of up to 90 daysImmigration Department (HKSAR), visit visa requirements, 31.12.2025
Source: Regulation (EU) 2018/1806 (consolidated 30 Dec 2025); UK Immigration Rules, Appendix Visitor and ETA National List; Canada IRPR s. 190 and Schedule 1.1; Immigration Department (HKSAR), visit visa requirements as at 31 Dec 2025Data as at Oct 2026

Where people from Romania move

Inflows of foreign nationals by country of nationality, as recorded by each destination (OECD).

Inflows to OECD countries, 2023
  1. Germany202,039
  2. Spain45,663
  3. Italy26,711
  4. Austria19,252
  5. Netherlands13,914
  6. Belgium12,889
  7. Switzerland7,520
  8. France6,667
  9. Denmark6,129
  10. Sweden2,216
  11. United States1,700
  12. Norway1,672
  13. Portugal1,255
  14. Iceland1,211
  15. Czechia1,181

Inflows to all OECD countries by year

278k556k200020032006200920122015201820212023
278k556k2000200420082012201620202023
Data table
200087,720
2001100,064
2002123,979
2003189,079
2004229,252
2005211,665
2006227,580
2007556,257
2008335,880
2009254,596
2010267,481
2011290,375
2012286,835
2013297,094
2014387,723
2015422,097
2016420,337
2017428,342
2018426,663
2019424,732
2020311,222
2021354,688
2022383,860
2023353,994
Share going to the top destination
57.1%
Destinations recording arrivals
15
Source: OECD, International Migration Database (OECD.ELS.IMD), accessed 24 Oct 2026Data as at 2023

Living abroad

People born in Romania who live in another country: mid-year estimates of the international migrant stock (UN DESA). Where a destination records citizenship rather than country of birth, its foreign citizens are counted.

Largest destinations, 2024
  1. Germany968,697
  2. Italy880,402
  3. United Kingdom713,578
  4. Spain522,578
  5. Hungary253,045
  6. United States178,498
  7. Austria160,281
  8. France156,668
  9. Belgium131,417
  10. Israel116,289
  11. Canada88,282
  12. Netherlands55,421

Living abroad by year

2.29M4.58M19901995200020052010201520202024
2.29M4.58M19902000201020202024
Data table
1990957,791
19951,142,520
20001,226,172
20051,960,907
20102,979,844
20153,535,273
20204,191,022
20244,583,819
Living abroad, 2024
4,583,819
Change since 2000
+273.8%
Share living in the largest destination, 2024
21.1%
Source: United Nations, DESA Population Division, International Migrant Stock 2024 (CC BY 3.0 IGO)Data as at 2024

United States

Visas issued to citizens of Romania by U.S. consulates (fiscal years, October–September) and certified PERM labor certifications.

Non-immigrant visas by class, FY2025
  1. B1/B241,551
  2. J16,545
  3. C1/D3,022
  4. B1614
  5. H2B538
  6. F1370
  7. H2A287
  8. NATO2285
  9. A2223
  10. L1222

Non-immigrant visas by fiscal year

46k92k201720182019202020212022202320242025
46k92k20172019202120232025
Data table
201733,916
201854,216
201960,466
202026,585
202113,795
202235,584
202360,537
202491,927
202554,673
Immigrant visas by class, FY2025
  1. IR5146
  2. IR190
  3. F387
  4. DV69
  5. F445
  6. CR137
  7. E331
  8. EW25
Immigrant visas, FY2025
627
Certified PERM labor certifications, FY2024 (latest year with citizenship)
98
Source: U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Consular Affairs, monthly visa issuances (public domain); U.S. Department of Labor, OFLC PERM disclosure data (public domain)Data as at FY2025

Green cards and U.S. citizenship

People born in Romania who became U.S. lawful permanent residents (green cards) or U.S. citizens, and admissions of citizens of Romania with an I-94 record (DHS, fiscal years).

Green cards by fiscal year

1,7753,5502015201620172018201920202021202220232024
1,7753,550201520172019202120232024
Data table
20153,380
20163,550
20172,950
20182,450
20192,620
20201,990
20211,850
20221,830
20231,860
20241,890
Green cards by class of admission, FY2024
  1. Immediate relatives of U.S. citizens1,390
  2. Employment-based preferences330
  3. Family-sponsored preferences70
  4. Diversity visa lottery60
  5. Refugees and asylees40
  6. Other classes10
Temporary worker admissions (I-94), FY2024
  1. Intracompany transferees (L-1)1,560
  2. Spouses and children810
  3. Seasonal non-agricultural workers (H-2B)670
  4. Specialty occupations (H-1B)540
  5. Seasonal agricultural workers (H-2A)360
  6. Athletes, artists and entertainers (P)240
  7. Extraordinary ability (O-1, O-2)220
  8. Other temporary workers190
Green cards, FY2024 (born in Romania)
1,890
Naturalizations, FY2024 (born in Romania)
2,240
I-94 admissions, FY2024 (citizenship)
116,510
Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Office of Homeland Security Statistics, Yearbook of Immigration Statistics 2024 (public domain)Data as at FY2024

United Kingdom

Entry clearance visas issued to nationals of Romania (Home Office) and students with a permanent address in Romania (HESA).

Visas issued by group, 2025
  1. Work1,404
  2. Study414
  3. Family276
  4. Other130
  5. Visitor73

Visas issued by year

1,4242,84820102012201420172019202120232025
1,4242,848201020132017202020232025
Data table
201015
201122
201213
201316
20145
20151
201714
201816
201920
202060
20212,848
20222,693
20232,466
20242,449
20252,297
Students at UK universities, 2024/25
2,395
Source: Home Office, Immigration system statistics (year ending June 2026), Open Government Licence v3.0Data as at 2025

Canada

Permits and invitations for citizens of Romania, by year the permit took effect (IRCC).

YearTFWP workIMP workStudyPermanent residentsExpress Entry invitations
202520023512028010
20241957458540515
202324570512046525
202224044014548015
202120035511561065
20201253058033035
20192301,30515567045
201818549514080585
201717032014598060
20162053101101,36540
20151353351201,17560
Source: IRCC, monthly open data (rounded to the nearest 5). Open Government Licence – CanadaData as at 2025

Australia

Temporary skilled visas (subclass 457 to 2018, then 482) granted to primary applicants who are citizens of Romania, by financial year ending 30 June (Home Affairs).

Primary visas granted by financial year

541082005–062007–082009–102011–122013–142015–162017–182019–202021–222023–242025–26
541082005–062009–102013–142017–182021–222025–26
Data table
2005–0655
2006–0774
2007–0859
2008–0942
2009–1036
2010–1159
2011–12108
2012–1371
2013–1479
2014–1570
2015–1645
2016–1751
2017–1851
2018–1942
2019–2034
2020–2120
2021–2228
2022–2340
2023–2439
2024–2546
2025–2644
By stream, 2025–26
  1. Core Skills26
  2. Specialist Skills16
  3. Labour Agreement1
  4. Short-term1
Granted, 2025–26
44
Share of all Australian grants, 2025–26
0.1%
Source: Department of Home Affairs (Australia), BP0014 Temporary Resident (skilled) visas granted, data locked at 30 Sep 2026 (data.gov.au, CC BY)Data as at 2025–26

Japan

Citizens of Romania living in Japan at the end of each December, by status of residence (Immigration Services Agency of Japan). 2020 and 2021 were published only as database tables.

Foreign residents in Japan

1,2412,4812012201420162018202220242025
1,2412,4812012201420162018202220242025
Data table
20122,185
20132,210
20142,245
20152,408
20162,481
20172,337
20182,320
20192,332
20222,284
20232,292
20242,310
20252,321
By status of residence, December 2025
  1. Permanent Resident1,399
  2. Spouse or Child of Japanese National235
  3. Long-Term Resident232
  4. Engineer/Specialist in Humanities/International Services117
  5. Student109
  6. Spouse or Child of Permanent Resident68
  7. Dependent57
  8. Highly Skilled Professional19
  9. Designated Activities19
  10. Business Manager13
Residents, December 2025
2,321
In work-related statuses
190
Share in work-related statuses
8.2%
Students
109
Source: Immigration Services Agency of Japan, Statistics on Foreign Residents (在留外国人統計), Table 1, end of December (e-Stat; Government of Japan Standard Terms of Use 2.0)Data as at Dec 2025

Schengen visas in Romania

Short-stay (C) visa applications at Schengen consulates located in Romania, 2024. Applicants are mostly, but not only, its citizens.

Schengen stateApplicationsIssuedNot issuedRefusal rate
France32934310.3%
Bulgaria22818373.1%
Germany106792220.8%
Switzerland10410400.0%
Italy83711214.5%
Greece828011.2%
Netherlands806556.2%
Spain766945.3%
Hungary60461423.3%
Poland3429411.8%
Austria2723414.8%
Sweden2019210.0%
Portugal151100.0%
Belgium141300.0%
Czechia131300.0%

Applications by year

4,6289,2552009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220232024
4,6289,255200920122015201820212024
Data table
20099,255
20105,953
20116,141
20125,375
20135,209
20144,930
20155,132
20164,928
20174,932
20184,906
20195,144
20201,615
20212,566
20225,317
20236,053
20241,292
Refusal rate, 2024
5.9%
Refusal rate, 2019
9.2%
Source: European Commission, DG Migration and Home Affairs, visa statistics for consulates (CC BY 4.0)Data as at 2024

National statistics in Europe

Citizens of Romania in the figures of national statistics offices: residence permits granted in Denmark, immigrations by grounds for settlement in Sweden and immigrants with a non-EU/EFTA nationality by migration motive in the Netherlands; Finland and Austria publish immigration and emigration by citizenship only.

CountryYearAllWorkStudyFamilyProtectionOther or unknown
Denmark20256,4735,1812566111424
Sweden20251,70880601,694
CountryYearImmigrationEmigrationNet migration
Finland2025244252-8
Austria202515,68915,460229
Work-related, latest year
  1. Denmark5,181
  2. Sweden8
Source: Danmarks Statistik, Statistikbanken VAN66 and VAN77M (CC BY 4.0); SCB (Statistics Sweden), Statistikdatabasen TAB1614 and TAB6670 (CC0); CBS (Statistics Netherlands), StatLine 84809NED (CC BY 4.0); Statistics Finland (Tilastokeskus), StatFin 11a8 (CC BY 4.0); Statistik Austria, OGD_bevwan020_AUSSENWAND_100 (CC BY 4.0)Data as at 2025

Foreign embassies and consulates in Romania

Countries with an embassy or consulate in Romania, as recorded in Wikidata.

CountryEmbassiesConsulates-generalConsulates
Albania1——
Algeria1——
Argentina1——
Austria1——
Azerbaijan1——
Bangladesh1——
Belarus1——
Belgium1——
Bosnia and Herzegovina1——
Brazil1——
Bulgaria1——
Canada1——
Chile1——
China111
Croatia1——
Cuba1——
Cyprus1——
Czechia1——
DR Congo1——
Egypt1——
Estonia1——
Finland1——
France1——
Georgia1——
Germany1—2
Greece1——
Hungary12—
India1——
Indonesia1——
Iran1——
Iraq1——
Ireland1——
Israel1——
Italy1——
Japan1——
Jordan1——
Kazakhstan1——
Kuwait1——
Lebanon1——
Libya1——
Lithuania1——
Malaysia1——
Mexico1——
Moldova1——
Montenegro1——
Morocco1——
Netherlands1——
Nigeria1——
North Korea1——
North Macedonia1——
Norway1——
Pakistan1——
Palestine1——
Peru1——
Philippines1——
Poland1——
Portugal1——
Qatar1——
Russia1——
Saudi Arabia1——
Serbia1——
Slovakia1——
Slovenia1——
South Africa1——
South Korea1——
Spain1——
Sudan1——
Sweden1——
Switzerland1——
Syria1——
Thailand1——
Tunisia1——
Turkmenistan1——
Türkiye11—
Ukraine1——
United Arab Emirates1——
United Kingdom1——
Uruguay1——
Venezuela1——
Vietnam1——
Countries
80
Missions
87
Source: Wikidata (CC0)Data as at Oct 2026

Remittances

Money that migrants send home: personal remittances received by Romania, in current US dollars (World Bank).

Remittances received by year, US$ million

5,32411k2000200320062009201220152018202120242025
5,32411k200020052010201520202025
Data table
200096
2001116
2002143
2003124
2004131
2005952
20061,160
20071,624
20081,702
2009682
2010641
2011694
2012733
20134,806
20145,084
20155,391
20165,930
20176,556
20186,984
20198,142
20207,626
20219,116
20228,781
20239,965
20249,526
202510,647
Remittances received, 2025
US$10,647 million
Share of GDP, 2025
2.5%
Average cost of sending US$200 to Romania, 2023
0.9%
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)Data as at 2025

All corridors from Romania

Destinations with a dedicated page for citizens of this country.

  • Romania → Germany
  • Romania → Spain
  • Romania → Italy
  • Romania → Austria
  • Romania → Netherlands
  • Romania → Belgium
  • Romania → United States
  • Romania → Switzerland
  • Romania → France
  • Romania → Denmark
  • Romania → Sweden
  • Romania → Norway
  • Romania → Portugal
  • Romania → Iceland
  • Romania → Czechia
  • Romania → Hungary
  • Romania → United Kingdom
Source: OECD, International Migration Database (OECD.ELS.IMD), accessed 24 Oct 2026Data as at 2023

Official data, not advice. Visa Atlas publishes figures from government registers and statistics. It does not assess eligibility or give immigration advice; for advice, consult a regulated adviser. Read more