VISA ATLASWork visas & talent mobility
From→ToFind a corridor
EN
☰

Turkmenistan

Nationality · visas, permits and migration

Moved to OECD countries, 2023
17,822
Top destination, 2023
Türkiye
U.S. non-immigrant visas, FY2025
2,100
UK visas issued, 2025
1,021
Schengen visa refusal rate, 2024
8.3%
NationalityTMISO 3166
Year by year
Data as at 2025
NA<TMTURKMENISTAN<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
TM9<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<8

Visa requirements for a short visit

Whether citizens of Turkmenistan need a visa for a short tourist or business visit, according to the legal lists. Rules change; check the official source before travelling.

DestinationShort visitLegal basis
Schengen areaVisa requiredRegulation (EU) 2018/1806 (consolidated 30.12.2025)
United KingdomVisa requiredImmigration Rules, Appendix Visitor / ETA National List
CanadaTemporary resident visa requiredIRPR s. 190, Schedule 1.1
Hong KongVisa requiredImmigration Department (HKSAR), visit visa requirements, 31.12.2025
Source: Regulation (EU) 2018/1806 (consolidated 30 Dec 2025); UK Immigration Rules, Appendix Visitor and ETA National List; Canada IRPR s. 190 and Schedule 1.1; Immigration Department (HKSAR), visit visa requirements as at 31 Dec 2025Data as at Oct 2026

Where people from Turkmenistan move

Inflows of foreign nationals by country of nationality, as recorded by each destination (OECD).

Inflows to OECD countries, 2023
  1. Türkiye15,575
  2. Germany817
  3. United States620
  4. South Korea474
  5. Japan80
  6. Canada40
  7. Netherlands40
  8. Hungary37
  9. Austria36
  10. France24
  11. Lithuania22
  12. Italy11
  13. Belgium11
  14. Estonia7
  15. Luxembourg5

Inflows to all OECD countries by year

41k81k200020032006200920122015201820212023
41k81k2000200420082012201620202023
Data table
2000144
2001150
2002384
2003374
2004401
2005430
2006549
2007561
2008551
2009678
20101,723
2011581
2012546
2013675
2014846
2015955
20169,247
201721,095
201835,800
201981,179
202018,446
202125,053
202212,988
202317,822
Share going to the top destination
87.4%
Destinations recording arrivals
15
Source: OECD, International Migration Database (OECD.ELS.IMD), accessed 24 Oct 2026Data as at 2023

Living abroad

People born in Turkmenistan who live in another country: mid-year estimates of the international migrant stock (UN DESA). Where a destination records citizenship rather than country of birth, its foreign citizens are counted.

Largest destinations, 2024
  1. Türkiye119,955
  2. Kazakhstan117,117
  3. Russia87,585
  4. Ukraine23,286
  5. Belarus5,319
  6. Israel2,996
  7. Iran1,992
  8. China1,169
  9. Kyrgyzstan952
  10. Uzbekistan751
  11. Azerbaijan747
  12. Armenia723

Living abroad by year

192k384k19901995200020052010201520202024
192k384k19902000201020202024
Data table
1990293,445
1995303,119
2000320,900
2005335,113
2010342,391
2015317,031
2020384,184
2024365,787
Living abroad, 2024
365,787
Change since 2000
+14.0%
Share living in the largest destination, 2024
32.8%
Source: United Nations, DESA Population Division, International Migrant Stock 2024 (CC BY 3.0 IGO)Data as at 2024

United States

Visas issued to citizens of Turkmenistan by U.S. consulates (fiscal years, October–September) and certified PERM labor certifications.

Non-immigrant visas by class, FY2025
  1. B1/B21,226
  2. F1203
  3. A2185
  4. J1161
  5. H472
  6. C1/D56
  7. G236
  8. F233
  9. H1B27
  10. B221

Non-immigrant visas by fiscal year

1,4702,939201720182019202020212022202320242025
1,4702,93920172019202120232025
Data table
20171,104
20181,372
20191,218
2020490
2021162
2022917
20232,939
20242,839
20252,100
Immigrant visas by class, FY2025
  1. DV679
  2. IR522
  3. E110
  4. IR28
  5. F37
  6. IR17
  7. EW6
  8. SB13
Immigrant visas, FY2025
750
Certified PERM labor certifications, FY2024 (latest year with citizenship)
25
Source: U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Consular Affairs, monthly visa issuances (public domain); U.S. Department of Labor, OFLC PERM disclosure data (public domain)Data as at FY2025

Green cards and U.S. citizenship

People born in Turkmenistan who became U.S. lawful permanent residents (green cards) or U.S. citizens, and admissions of citizens of Turkmenistan with an I-94 record (DHS, fiscal years).

Green cards by fiscal year

4709402015201620172018201920202021202220232024
470940201520172019202120232024
Data table
2015230
2016240
2017250
2018290
2019330
2020250
2021160
2022940
2023720
2024670
Green cards by class of admission, FY2024
  1. Diversity visa lottery410
  2. Immediate relatives of U.S. citizens150
  3. Refugees and asylees50
  4. Employment-based preferences40
  5. Family-sponsored preferences20
Temporary worker admissions (I-94), FY2024
  1. Spouses and children100
  2. Specialty occupations (H-1B)40
Green cards, FY2024 (born in Turkmenistan)
670
Naturalizations, FY2024 (born in Turkmenistan)
150
I-94 admissions, FY2024 (citizenship)
3,050
Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Office of Homeland Security Statistics, Yearbook of Immigration Statistics 2024 (public domain)Data as at FY2024

United Kingdom

Entry clearance visas issued to nationals of Turkmenistan (Home Office) and students with a permanent address in Turkmenistan (HESA).

Visas issued by group, 2025
  1. Visitor822
  2. Work69
  3. Other68
  4. Study54
  5. Family8

Visas issued by year

5951,190201020122014201620182020202220242025
5951,190201020132016201920222025
Data table
20101,190
20111,125
20121,091
2013896
2014875
2015800
2016699
2017770
2018837
2019747
2020179
2021100
2022352
2023953
2024916
20251,021
Students at UK universities, 2024/25
15
Source: Home Office, Immigration system statistics (year ending June 2026), Open Government Licence v3.0Data as at 2025

Canada

Permits and invitations for citizens of Turkmenistan, by year the permit took effect (IRCC).

YearTFWP workIMP workStudyPermanent residentsExpress Entry invitations
2025015550
2024025050
202301515200
20220200150
2021000400
202000550
2019005100
2018001000
2017050100
Source: IRCC, monthly open data (rounded to the nearest 5). Open Government Licence – CanadaData as at 2025

Australia

Temporary skilled visas (subclass 457 to 2018, then 482) granted to primary applicants who are citizens of Turkmenistan, by financial year ending 30 June (Home Affairs).

Primary visas granted by financial year

352006–072009–102014–152016–172020–212023–242025–26
352006–072012–132016–172022–232025–26
Data table
2006–071
2007–081
2009–101
2012–131
2014–152
2015–161
2016–172
2018–192
2020–211
2022–231
2023–244
2024–255
2025–263
By stream, 2025–26
  1. Specialist Skills2
  2. Core Skills1
Granted, 2025–26
3
Share of all Australian grants, 2025–26
0.0%
Source: Department of Home Affairs (Australia), BP0014 Temporary Resident (skilled) visas granted, data locked at 30 Sep 2026 (data.gov.au, CC BY)Data as at 2025–26

Japan

Citizens of Turkmenistan living in Japan at the end of each December, by status of residence (Immigration Services Agency of Japan). 2020 and 2021 were published only as database tables.

Foreign residents in Japan

811622012201420162018202220242025
811622012201420162018202220242025
Data table
201237
201326
201433
201535
201640
201742
201842
201946
202258
202379
202483
2025162
By status of residence, December 2025
  1. Designated Activities65
  2. Student31
  3. Engineer/Specialist in Humanities/International Services25
  4. Dependent23
  5. Permanent Resident10
  6. Instructor3
  7. Long-Term Resident2
  8. Highly Skilled Professional1
  9. Business Manager1
  10. Spouse or Child of Permanent Resident1
Residents, December 2025
162
In work-related statuses
30
Share in work-related statuses
18.5%
Students
31
Source: Immigration Services Agency of Japan, Statistics on Foreign Residents (在留外国人統計), Table 1, end of December (e-Stat; Government of Japan Standard Terms of Use 2.0)Data as at Dec 2025

Schengen visas in Turkmenistan

Short-stay (C) visa applications at Schengen consulates located in Turkmenistan, 2024. Applicants are mostly, but not only, its citizens.

Schengen stateApplicationsIssuedNot issuedRefusal rate
Germany5,2474,4634548.7%
Italy1,8321,7061035.6%
Romania7526349412.5%

Applications by year

3,9167,8312009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220232024
3,9167,831200920122015201820212024
Data table
20092,073
20102,875
20113,026
20123,717
20134,888
20145,608
20156,124
20165,042
20175,236
20185,451
20195,456
2020781
2021150
20222,660
20236,029
20247,831
Refusal rate, 2024
8.3%
Refusal rate, 2019
5.7%
Source: European Commission, DG Migration and Home Affairs, visa statistics for consulates (CC BY 4.0)Data as at 2024

Residence permits in Europe

First residence permits issued to citizens of Turkmenistan in EU and EFTA countries, 2025 (Eurostat).

First permits by reason
  1. Work3,022
  2. Education478
  3. Family252
  4. Other reasons174
First permits by country
  1. Romania1,660
  2. Poland1,296
  3. Germany497
  4. Latvia69
  5. Hungary62
  6. Spain52
  7. Lithuania39
  8. Italy36
  9. Austria33
  10. Netherlands33
  11. France27
  12. Slovakia23
Work permits by type, 2025
  1. EU Blue Card27
  2. Highly skilled workers (national schemes)59
  3. Researchers1
  4. Other paid activities2,935
EU Blue Cards granted, 2024
58
Citizenships acquired in the EU, 2024
241
Students in EU/EFTA tertiary education, 2024
29,678
Refused entry at EU external borders, 2025
125
Valid residence permits, 31 Dec 2025
9,507
Long-term residence permits issued, 2025
190
Changed status into work, 2025
59
Seasonal work authorisations, 2024
74
Source: Eurostat (migr_resfirst, migr_resbc11, migr_acq, educ_uoe_mobs02, migr_eirfs, migr_pop1ctz), CC BY 4.0Data as at 2024–2025

National statistics in Europe

Citizens of Turkmenistan in the figures of national statistics offices: residence permits granted in Denmark, immigrations by grounds for settlement in Sweden and immigrants with a non-EU/EFTA nationality by migration motive in the Netherlands; Finland and Austria publish immigration and emigration by citizenship only.

CountryYearAllWorkStudyFamilyProtectionOther or unknown
Denmark2025202000
CountryYearImmigrationEmigrationNet migration
Finland2025734
Austria2025481434
Source: Danmarks Statistik, Statistikbanken VAN66 and VAN77M (CC BY 4.0); SCB (Statistics Sweden), Statistikdatabasen TAB1614 and TAB6670 (CC0); CBS (Statistics Netherlands), StatLine 84809NED (CC BY 4.0); Statistics Finland (Tilastokeskus), StatFin 11a8 (CC BY 4.0); Statistik Austria, OGD_bevwan020_AUSSENWAND_100 (CC BY 4.0)Data as at 2025

Foreign embassies and consulates in Turkmenistan

Countries with an embassy or consulate in Turkmenistan, as recorded in Wikidata.

CountryEmbassiesConsulates-generalConsulates
Afghanistan1——
Belarus1——
China1——
France1——
Germany1——
India1——
Italy1——
Japan1——
Malaysia1——
Romania1——
Russia1——
Saudi Arabia1——
South Korea1——
Türkiye1——
Ukraine1——
United Arab Emirates1——
United Kingdom1——
Countries
17
Missions
17
Source: Wikidata (CC0)Data as at Oct 2026

All corridors from Turkmenistan

Destinations with a dedicated page for citizens of this country.

  • Turkmenistan → Türkiye
  • Turkmenistan → Germany
  • Turkmenistan → Romania
  • Turkmenistan → Poland
Source: OECD, International Migration Database (OECD.ELS.IMD), accessed 24 Oct 2026Data as at 2023

Official data, not advice. Visa Atlas publishes figures from government registers and statistics. It does not assess eligibility or give immigration advice; for advice, consult a regulated adviser. Read more