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Vietnam

Nationality · visas, permits and migration

Moved to OECD countries, 2023
292,911
Top destination, 2023
Japan
U.S. non-immigrant visas, FY2025
148,192
UK visas issued, 2025
22,178
Schengen visa refusal rate, 2024
10.8%
NationalityVNISO 3166
Year by year
Data as at 2025
NA<VNVIETNAM<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
VN6<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<2

Visa requirements for a short visit

Whether citizens of Vietnam need a visa for a short tourist or business visit, according to the legal lists. Rules change; check the official source before travelling.

DestinationShort visitLegal basis
Schengen areaVisa requiredRegulation (EU) 2018/1806 (consolidated 30.12.2025)
United KingdomVisa requiredImmigration Rules, Appendix Visitor / ETA National List
CanadaTemporary resident visa requiredIRPR s. 190, Schedule 1.1
Hong KongVisa requiredImmigration Department (HKSAR), visit visa requirements, 31.12.2025
Source: Regulation (EU) 2018/1806 (consolidated 30 Dec 2025); UK Immigration Rules, Appendix Visitor and ETA National List; Canada IRPR s. 190 and Schedule 1.1; Immigration Department (HKSAR), visit visa requirements as at 31 Dec 2025Data as at Oct 2026

Where people from Vietnam move

Inflows of foreign nationals by country of nationality, as recorded by each destination (OECD).

Inflows to OECD countries, 2023
  1. Japan133,732
  2. South Korea70,827
  3. United States37,040
  4. Germany12,954
  5. Hungary9,688
  6. Australia7,503
  7. Canada6,605
  8. New Zealand5,919
  9. Czechia1,869
  10. Finland1,406
  11. France1,107
  12. Netherlands998
  13. Denmark692
  14. Sweden499
  15. Belgium444

Inflows to all OECD countries by year

146k293k200020032006200920122015201820212023
146k293k2000200420082012201620202023
Data table
200051,783
200160,166
200264,312
200355,364
200466,318
200578,192
200682,053
200788,482
200896,777
200975,836
201084,094
201194,058
201293,092
2013101,805
2014125,340
2015151,737
2016184,695
2017213,931
2018243,530
2019282,066
2020154,460
202189,413
2022240,230
2023292,911
Share going to the top destination
45.7%
Destinations recording arrivals
15
Source: OECD, International Migration Database (OECD.ELS.IMD), accessed 24 Oct 2026Data as at 2023

Living abroad

People born in Vietnam who live in another country: mid-year estimates of the international migrant stock (UN DESA). Where a destination records citizenship rather than country of birth, its foreign citizens are counted.

Largest destinations, 2024
  1. United States1,434,631
  2. Japan589,874
  3. Australia294,435
  4. Taiwan263,078
  5. South Korea260,609
  6. Canada179,690
  7. Germany140,939
  8. France116,008
  9. China88,254
  10. Cambodia41,357
  11. Bangladesh37,076
  12. Czechia29,508

Living abroad by year

1.85M3.69M19901995200020052010201520202024
1.85M3.69M19902000201020202024
Data table
19901,128,520
19951,362,168
20001,805,287
20052,091,843
20102,339,779
20152,719,796
20203,330,404
20243,693,537
Living abroad, 2024
3,693,537
Change since 2000
+104.6%
Share living in the largest destination, 2024
38.8%
Source: United Nations, DESA Population Division, International Migrant Stock 2024 (CC BY 3.0 IGO)Data as at 2024

United States

Visas issued to citizens of Vietnam by U.S. consulates (fiscal years, October–September) and certified PERM labor certifications.

Non-immigrant visas by class, FY2025
  1. B1/B2121,235
  2. F115,808
  3. C1/D3,760
  4. K11,090
  5. H1B869
  6. J1858
  7. B2735
  8. L1556
  9. A2524
  10. L2495

Non-immigrant visas by fiscal year

75k149k201720182019202020212022202320242025
75k149k20172019202120232025
Data table
201787,705
2018130,883
2019139,085
202067,935
202136,231
202296,730
2023133,983
2024149,230
2025148,192
Immigrant visas by class, FY2025
  1. IR55,938
  2. F45,044
  3. IR12,293
  4. F2B1,920
  5. CR11,356
  6. I51,321
  7. F31,276
  8. IR21,176
Immigrant visas, FY2025
23,466
Certified PERM labor certifications, FY2024 (latest year with citizenship)
3,596
Source: U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Consular Affairs, monthly visa issuances (public domain); U.S. Department of Labor, OFLC PERM disclosure data (public domain)Data as at FY2025

Green cards and U.S. citizenship

People born in Vietnam who became U.S. lawful permanent residents (green cards) or U.S. citizens, and admissions of citizens of Vietnam with an I-94 record (DHS, fiscal years).

Green cards by fiscal year

21k41k2015201620172018201920202021202220232024
21k41k201520172019202120232024
Data table
201530,830
201641,450
201738,230
201833,830
201939,710
202030,000
202116,310
202224,430
202336,000
202439,080
Green cards by class of admission, FY2024
  1. Family-sponsored preferences17,670
  2. Immediate relatives of U.S. citizens16,310
  3. Employment-based preferences4,830
  4. Other classes200
  5. Refugees and asylees80
Temporary worker admissions (I-94), FY2024
  1. Specialty occupations (H-1B)1,700
  2. Spouses and children860
  3. Intracompany transferees (L-1)850
  4. Extraordinary ability (O-1, O-2)230
  5. Other temporary workers200
  6. Athletes, artists and entertainers (P)110
Green cards, FY2024 (born in Vietnam)
39,080
Naturalizations, FY2024 (born in Vietnam)
34,240
I-94 admissions, FY2024 (citizenship)
157,450
Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Office of Homeland Security Statistics, Yearbook of Immigration Statistics 2024 (public domain)Data as at FY2024

United Kingdom

Entry clearance visas issued to nationals of Vietnam (Home Office) and students with a permanent address in Vietnam (HESA).

Visas issued by group, 2025
  1. Visitor18,628
  2. Study2,565
  3. Family555
  4. Work344
  5. Other86

Visas issued by year

11k22k201020122014201620182020202220242025
11k22k201020132016201920222025
Data table
20109,916
201111,984
201212,009
201313,031
201413,571
201515,395
201615,715
201717,410
201818,472
201920,354
20203,698
20213,425
202215,503
202321,696
202421,741
202522,178
Students at UK universities, 2024/25
3,655
Source: Home Office, Immigration system statistics (year ending June 2026), Open Government Licence v3.0Data as at 2025

Canada

Permits and invitations for citizens of Vietnam, by year the permit took effect (IRCC).

YearTFWP workIMP workStudyPermanent residentsExpress Entry invitations
20253,1054,63010,3104,025400
20243,6255,37510,8856,715645
20232,6656,77011,2356,600825
20222,0454,62010,3705,455320
20211,0454,7709,7155,7651,220
20207603,37510,0802,620685
20194902,86012,1504,230435
20183351,67012,7153,045465
20171651,08510,1302,500405
2016509855,5202,45080
2015106003,0052,60035
Source: IRCC, monthly open data (rounded to the nearest 5). Open Government Licence – CanadaData as at 2025

Australia

Temporary skilled visas (subclass 457 to 2018, then 482) granted to primary applicants who are citizens of Vietnam, by financial year ending 30 June (Home Affairs).

Primary visas granted by financial year

6301,2592005–062007–082009–102011–122013–142015–162017–182019–202021–222023–242025–26
6301,2592005–062009–102013–142017–182021–222025–26
Data table
2005–06405
2006–07211
2007–08314
2008–09448
2009–10136
2010–1197
2011–12283
2012–13538
2013–14418
2014–15459
2015–16448
2016–17511
2017–18386
2018–19530
2019–20293
2020–21223
2021–22490
2022–23619
2023–24545
2024–251,093
2025–261,259
By stream, 2025–26
  1. Core Skills709
  2. Labour Agreement410
  3. Short-term64
  4. Medium-term47
  5. Specialist Skills29
Granted, 2025–26
1,259
Share of all Australian grants, 2025–26
1.8%
Source: Department of Home Affairs (Australia), BP0014 Temporary Resident (skilled) visas granted, data locked at 30 Sep 2026 (data.gov.au, CC BY)Data as at 2025–26

Japan

Citizens of Vietnam living in Japan at the end of each December, by status of residence (Immigration Services Agency of Japan). 2020 and 2021 were published only as database tables.

Foreign residents in Japan

341k681k2012201420162018202220242025
341k681k2012201420162018202220242025
Data table
201252,367
201372,256
201499,865
2015146,956
2016199,990
2017262,405
2018330,835
2019411,968
2022489,312
2023565,026
2024634,361
2025681,100
By status of residence, December 2025
  1. Technical Intern Training189,756
  2. Specified Skilled Worker164,352
  3. Engineer/Specialist in Humanities/International Services121,079
  4. Dependent76,958
  5. Student47,145
  6. Permanent Resident32,698
  7. Designated Activities16,530
  8. Long-Term Resident7,763
  9. Spouse or Child of Japanese National7,518
  10. Nursing Care6,672
Residents, December 2025
681,100
In work-related statuses
489,184
Share in work-related statuses
71.8%
Students
47,145
Source: Immigration Services Agency of Japan, Statistics on Foreign Residents (在留外国人統計), Table 1, end of December (e-Stat; Government of Japan Standard Terms of Use 2.0)Data as at Dec 2025

Workers in Taiwan

Citizens of Vietnam working in Taiwan in industry (factories, construction, agriculture and fishing) or social welfare (caregivers and domestic helpers), at the end of each year (Ministry of Labor, Taiwan).

Migrant workers in Taiwan at the end of each year

148k296k20152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
148k296k201520172019202120232025
Data table
2015169,981
2016184,920
2017208,095
2018223,300
2019224,713
2020236,835
2021234,054
2022256,182
2023263,263
2024283,584
2025295,719
Workers in Taiwan, end of 2025
295,719
With a valid employment permit, end of 2025
233,313
Employment permit no longer valid, end of 2025
62,406
Women, end of 2025
31.0%
Source: Ministry of Labor, Taiwan (勞動部), data.gov.tw — Open Government Data License v1.0Data as at 2025

Schengen visas in Vietnam

Short-stay (C) visa applications at Schengen consulates located in Vietnam, 2024. Applicants are mostly, but not only, its citizens.

Schengen stateApplicationsIssuedNot issuedRefusal rate
France43,99939,0794,61810.5%
Germany26,83323,0203,68913.7%
Italy8,9348,3545796.5%
Switzerland5,8055,3314617.9%
Netherlands5,2894,6515259.9%
Spain4,2043,6872896.9%
Hungary3,3862,87151515.2%
Czechia3,3082,86244613.5%
Finland1,6661,39825715.4%
Austria1,6481,547975.9%
Belgium1,5791,34222214.1%
Greece1,4231,321795.6%
Bulgaria923830363.9%
Poland761736253.3%
Romania1861513518.8%

Applications by year

70k140k2009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220232024
70k140k200920122015201820212024
Data table
200943,523
201049,688
201152,017
201250,632
201358,389
201462,958
201575,296
201680,770
2017105,640
2018127,062
2019140,027
202011,464
20212,362
202279,559
2023103,501
2024110,093
Refusal rate, 2024
10.8%
Refusal rate, 2019
11.5%
Source: European Commission, DG Migration and Home Affairs, visa statistics for consulates (CC BY 4.0)Data as at 2024

Residence permits in Europe

First residence permits issued to citizens of Vietnam in EU and EFTA countries, 2025 (Eurostat).

First permits by reason
  1. Work16,229
  2. Education14,470
  3. Family11,076
  4. Other reasons3,454
First permits by country
  1. Germany15,758
  2. Hungary4,703
  3. Czechia2,832
  4. France2,683
  5. Poland2,549
  6. Finland2,262
  7. Slovakia2,223
  8. Norway1,601
  9. Denmark1,486
  10. Netherlands1,174
  11. Romania1,172
  12. Sweden768
Work permits by type, 2025
  1. EU Blue Card210
  2. Highly skilled workers (national schemes)524
  3. Researchers200
  4. Other paid activities15,295
EU Blue Cards granted, 2024
468
Citizenships acquired in the EU, 2024
5,975
Students in EU/EFTA tertiary education, 2024
13,996
Refused entry at EU external borders, 2025
390
Valid residence permits, 31 Dec 2025
313,038
Long-term residence permits issued, 2025
12,311
Changed status into work, 2025
4,269
Intra-corporate transferee permits, 2025
12
Seasonal work authorisations, 2024
1,647
Source: Eurostat (migr_resfirst, migr_resbc11, migr_acq, educ_uoe_mobs02, migr_eirfs, migr_pop1ctz), CC BY 4.0Data as at 2024–2025

National statistics in Europe

Citizens of Vietnam in the figures of national statistics offices: residence permits granted in Denmark, immigrations by grounds for settlement in Sweden and immigrants with a non-EU/EFTA nationality by migration motive in the Netherlands; Finland and Austria publish immigration and emigration by citizenship only.

CountryYearAllWorkStudyFamilyProtectionOther or unknown
Denmark20251,51479564265111
Sweden202548174122264318
CountryYearImmigrationEmigrationNet migration
Finland20251,7081921,516
Austria2025497227270
Work-related, latest year
  1. Denmark795
  2. Sweden74
Source: Danmarks Statistik, Statistikbanken VAN66 and VAN77M (CC BY 4.0); SCB (Statistics Sweden), Statistikdatabasen TAB1614 and TAB6670 (CC0); CBS (Statistics Netherlands), StatLine 84809NED (CC BY 4.0); Statistics Finland (Tilastokeskus), StatFin 11a8 (CC BY 4.0); Statistik Austria, OGD_bevwan020_AUSSENWAND_100 (CC BY 4.0)Data as at 2025

Germany

Citizens of Vietnam living in Germany on 31 December 2025, by residence status in the Central Register of Foreigners (Destatis).

By residence status, 31 Dec 2025
  1. Permanent residence title53,995
  2. Family reasons26,880
  3. Education and training16,815
  4. Neither tolerated nor permitted16,690
  5. Application for a residence title pending13,950
  6. Employment9,270
  7. International law, humanitarian or political reasons6,455
  8. Special residence rights and national visas4,405
  9. Tolerated stay (Duldung)2,025
  10. EU free movement1,025
  11. Permission to reside during the asylum procedure460

Residents in Germany (31 Dec)

76k152k201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
76k152k2014201620182020202220242025
Data table
201484,455
201587,214
201689,965
201792,485
201896,105
201999,725
2020103,620
2021110,515
2022120,535
2023127,825
2024137,560
2025151,980
Residents in Germany, 31 Dec 2025
151,990
With a residence title for employment
9,270
Permanent residence title
53,995
Source: Federal Statistical Office of Germany (Destatis), Central Register of Foreigners, 31 December 2025 (reproduction permitted with source)Data as at 31 Dec 2025

Foreign embassies and consulates in Vietnam

Countries with an embassy or consulate in Vietnam, as recorded in Wikidata.

CountryEmbassiesConsulates-generalConsulates
Algeria1——
Angola1——
Argentina1——
Australia1——
Austria1——
Bangladesh1——
Belarus1——
Belgium1——
Brazil1——
Bulgaria1——
Canada11—
Chile1——
China12—
Colombia1——
Cuba1——
Czechia1——
Finland1——
France11—
Germany11—
Greece1——
Hungary11—
India1——
Indonesia11—
Ireland1——
Israel1——
Italy1——
Japan12—
Malaysia11—
Mexico1——
Morocco1——
Mozambique1——
Netherlands1——
New Zealand1——
North Korea1——
Norway1——
Palestine1——
Panama1——
Peru1——
Philippines1——
Poland1——
Romania1——
Russia12—
Saudi Arabia1——
Singapore1——
Slovakia1——
South Africa1——
South Korea12—
Spain1——
Sweden1——
Switzerland1——
Türkiye1——
Ukraine1——
United Arab Emirates1——
United Kingdom11—
United States—1—
Uruguay1——
Countries
56
Missions
71
Source: Wikidata (CC0)Data as at Oct 2026

Remittances

Money that migrants send home: personal remittances received by Vietnam, in current US dollars (World Bank).

Remittances received by year, US$ million

1,1552,310200020032004
1,1552,310200020032004
Data table
20001,340
20011,100
20021,770
20032,100
20042,310
Remittances received, 2004
US$2,310 million
Share of GDP, 2004
5.1%
Average cost of sending US$200 to Vietnam, 2023
3.5%
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)Data as at 2004

All corridors from Vietnam

Destinations with a dedicated page for citizens of this country.

  • Vietnam → Japan
  • Vietnam → South Korea
  • Vietnam → United States
  • Vietnam → Germany
  • Vietnam → Hungary
  • Vietnam → France
  • Vietnam → Australia
  • Vietnam → Canada
  • Vietnam → New Zealand
  • Vietnam → Czechia
  • Vietnam → Italy
  • Vietnam → Finland
  • Vietnam → Switzerland
  • Vietnam → Netherlands
  • Vietnam → Spain
  • Vietnam → Denmark
  • Vietnam → Sweden
  • Vietnam → Belgium
  • Vietnam → Greece
  • Vietnam → Bulgaria
  • Vietnam → Poland
  • Vietnam → Slovakia
  • Vietnam → Romania
  • Vietnam → United Kingdom
  • Vietnam → Norway
Source: OECD, International Migration Database (OECD.ELS.IMD), accessed 24 Oct 2026Data as at 2023

Official data, not advice. Visa Atlas publishes figures from government registers and statistics. It does not assess eligibility or give immigration advice; for advice, consult a regulated adviser. Read more